For example, if you place your middle and index fingers close together and look through the opening at a light bulb, you can see a rather clear diffraction pattern, consisting of light and dark lines running parallel to your fingers. However, situations do occur in which apertures are small enough that the diffraction of light is observable. Since the wavelengths of visible light range from approximately 390 to 770 nm, most objects do not diffract light significantly. The diffraction of sound waves is apparent to us because wavelengths in the audible region are approximately the same size as the objects they encounter, a condition that must be satisfied if diffraction effects are to be observed easily. (credit: modification of map data from Google Earth) Diffraction is responsible for the phone calls you’re able to attend.Figure 4.2 Because of the diffraction of waves, ocean waves entering through an opening in a breakwater can spread throughout the bay. The signal keeps striking the obstacles while being amplified simultaneously with the help of boosters again and again till it reaches the destination. Which is why we make use of multi-level diffraction for a signal to reach its destination. Due to the curved surface of the earth and huge obstacles present on it, line of sight propagation for long-distance is not possible. The process of diffraction is significantly used in long-distance radio signal propagation. This diffraction of light occurs due to the presence of dust and gaseous particles present nearby. Look at any source of light around you right now, you may observe the light does not directly get transmitted in the forward direction, a small part of the light energy is diffracted around the source. The reason being sound travels and reaches your ear through the process of diffraction. If they hide behind a tall tree and call your name with the same intensity, would you be able to hear that? The answer is yes, but how come the sound is not blocked even when a huge tree is present in its pathway. If someone calls your name loudly, you are able to hear it. The halo of the moon is known as the lunar corona and that of the sun is known as the solar corona. In meteorological terms, the term corona describes the ring of light around the sun or the moon that is formed when the sunlight or moonlight gets diffracted by small water vapours or ice crystals. This bending is yet another example of diffraction. The water waves undergo bends at the other side of the slit. The flowing water of a river when confronts a small slit, it tends to break its normal flow. The process of X-Ray Diffraction is very important in meteorological, pharmaceutical, chemical, and other related industries as whenever the researchers come across some unidentified elements, they need to configure out the details about its structure, beginning with the alignment, distance, and other characteristics of its atoms. This phenomenon is most widely used in the determination of the distance between two consecutive atoms of an element. The x-ray tube and detector move in a synchronized motion, the observed signal is then recorded and studied. In x-ray diffraction, the sample is kept in an instrument and is illuminated with x-rays. The next time you see such a stunning view, you can share the reason behind it. This deflection of light, due to the presence of a barrier in its normal pathway, is nothing but diffraction. When the light rays from the sun try to reach the ground but are blocked by the clouds, the light waves get diffracted and deviated. These magnificent looking rays are known as crepuscular rays or God rays. You must have seen this breathtaking view for at least once in your life. This bending, undoubtedly, is known as diffraction. The door acts as an obstacle in the path of light, therefore the light bends. Suppose, there is a room with no light source, plus the light from the door is forbidden to enter the room as it is closed, and when someone opens the door partially, you can observe that the light gushes inside with a bend across the edges and around the corners of the door. Finally, providing us with a 3-Dimensional experience. This pattern is then made to fall on the holographic plate. Different versions of the image get diffracted and reach the lens from multiple sides, all together forming an interference pattern. Hologram basically makes use of diffraction to generate a 3D impression of the image. It is one fine technology that promises us an incredible future. Hologram, the word has been derived from two Greek words, ‘holo’ means whole, and ‘gram’ means a message. This is the reason why we see a rainbow-like pattern on a compact disk. When light falls on the top of a CD, a part of it gets diffracted while some part of the light gets reflected. The surface of the compact disk is shiny and consists of a number of grooves. Compact Disks are most susceptible to the process of diffraction.
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